Blessy R.

The principles of management are guidelines for the decision-making and actions of managers. These principles help in achieving the organizational goals efficiently and effectively. Some of the key principles of management, as proposed by Henri Fayol, include:

1. **Division of Work**: Specialization increases productivity by allowing individuals to focus on specific tasks.

2. **Authority and Responsibility**: Managers must have the authority to give orders, but they must also bear responsibility for their actions.

3. **Discipline**: Employees must respect and adhere to organizational rules and agreements.

4. **Unity of Command**: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior to avoid confusion.

5. **Unity of Direction**: The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.

6. **Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest**: The interests of the organization should take precedence over individual interests.

7. **Remuneration**: Compensation should be fair and satisfactory for both employees and the organization.

8. **Centralization**: The degree of centralization or decentralization should depend on the organization's needs and circumstances.

9. **Scalar Chain**: There should be a clear line of authority from top to bottom in the organization.

10. **Order**: Resources and personnel should be in the right place at the right time.

11. **Equity**: Managers should treat employees with fairness and justice.

12. **Stability of Tenure**: High employee turnover should be avoided to maintain organizational efficiency.

13. **Initiative**: Employees should be encouraged to develop and carry out plans.

14. **Esprit de Corps**: Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.

These principles provide a framework for managers to effectively coordinate and oversee business operations.