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The atomic size of sodium and potassium is larger than that of magnesium and calcium. Thus, the lattice energies of carbonates and hydroxides formed by calcium and magnesium are much more than those of sodium and potassium. Hence, carbonates and hydroxides of sodium and potassium dissolve readily in water whereas those of calcium and magnesium are only sparingly soluble.
read lessThe solubility of a salt in water depends upon their
(i) lattice energy and hydration energy.
In the case of hydroxide and carbonates of sodium and potassium, their hydration energy is more than their lattice energy. Therefore, they dissolve in water. In the case of hydroxides and carbonates of magnesium and calcium, their hydration energy is less than their lattice energy. Therefore, they are sparingly soluble.
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(a) Na (b) K (c) Rb (d) Cs
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