Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro?

Mohenjo-daro, meaning "Mound of the Dead," was one of the largest and most advanced cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived around 2600-1900 BCE. Here are some of its distinctive features:

1. Urban Planning: Mohenjo-daro was meticulously planned, with streets laid out in a grid pattern, dividing the city into rectangular blocks. The streets were straight and wide, running perpendicular to each other, indicating a sophisticated understanding of city planning and drainage systems.

2. Great Bath: One of the most iconic structures in Mohenjo-daro is the Great Bath, a large public bathing area built with finely crafted bricks and waterproofing materials. It was likely used for ritualistic or religious purposes, as well as for public bathing and hygiene.

3. Citadel and Lower Town: The city was divided into two distinct parts: the Citadel, a raised area believed to have housed administrative and possibly religious buildings, and the Lower Town, where most of the population resided.

4. Sophisticated Drainage System: Mohenjo-daro had an advanced drainage system with well-laid-out brick-lined drains running beneath the streets. These drains were connected to larger sewer systems, indicating a high level of urban planning and sanitation.

5. Brick Construction: Most of the structures in Mohenjo-daro were built using standardized, kiln-fired bricks, indicating a level of architectural sophistication and uniformity in construction techniques.

6. Multi-storied Houses: Residential buildings in Mohenjo-daro were typically multi-storied, with access to the upper floors through internal staircases. These houses often had courtyards and rooms arranged around them.

7. Artifacts and Artistry: Archaeological excavations have unearthed a plethora of artifacts from Mohenjo-daro, including pottery, seals, jewelry, and sculptures, showcasing the craftsmanship and artistic abilities of its inhabitants.

8. Trade and Commerce: Mohenjo-daro was likely a thriving center of trade and commerce, as evidenced by the discovery of seals and artifacts made from materials like carnelian, lapis lazuli, and copper, indicating long-distance trade networks.

Despite its remarkable achievements, the decline of Mohenjo-daro remains a mystery, with theories ranging from environmental factors such as changes in river courses to social or political upheavals. Nonetheless, its remains provide invaluable insights into the urban life and civilization of ancient times.