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Answer 
Apoorva Purohit
A proton has three quarks. Let there be n up quarks in a proton, each having a charge of 
.
Charge due to n up quarks
Number of down quarks in a proton = 3 − n
Each down quark has a charge of 
.
Charge due to (3 − n) down quarks 
Total charge on a proton = + e
Number of up quarks in a proton, n = 2
Number of down quarks in a proton = 3 − n = 3 − 2 = 1
Therefore, a proton can be represented as ‘uud’.
A neutron also has three quarks. Let there be n up quarks in a neutron, each having a charge of 
.
Charge on a neutron due to n up quarks 
Number of down quarks is 3 − n,each having a charge of 
.
Charge on a neutron due to 
down quarks = 
Total charge on a neutron = 0
Number of up quarks in a neutron, n = 1
Number of down quarks in a neutron = 3 − n = 2
Therefore, a neutron can be represented as ‘udd’.
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