Functional testing is a quality assurance process and a type of black-box testing that bases its test cases on the specifications of the software component under test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the output, and internal program structure is rarely considered. ad hoc testing may be sufficient. With this informal approach, the tester does not follow any rigorous testing procedure and simply performs testing without planning or documentation. Conversely, exploratory testing, which involves simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution, explores the user interface of the application using as many of its features as possible, using information.The purpose of manual testing is to catch bugs and feature issues before a software application goes live. When manually testing, the tester validates the key features of a software application. Analysts execute test cases and develop summary error reports without specialized automation tools.  Manual testing, as the term suggests, refers to a test process in which a QA manually tests the software application in order to identify bugs. To do so, QAs follow a written test plan that describes a set of unique test scenarios. .