01. What are vitamins?
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for growth and nutrition. They are required in small quantities in the food because they cannot be produced in the body.
2. Classify vitamins?
Vitamins are of two types, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. The vitamin B complex and vitamin C are the water-soluble vitamins.
3. Write a brief note on thiamine?
Thiamine is also known as vitamin B1 (Aneurin). It is essential for various enzymes involved in the utilization of carbohydrates, the functioning of nerves, muscles, and the heart. The sources are whole-grain cereals, whole-meal bread, brown rice, pasta, liver, kidney, pork, fish, beans, nuts and eggs—a mild deficiency results in tiredness, irritability, and loss of appetite. A severe deficiency causes abdominal pain, constipation, depression, memory impairment, and beriberi. Vitamin B1 is lost in polished rice.
4. Write about vitamin B2.
Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B2. Riboflavin is vital for compounds associated with the breakdown and usage of Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, the creation of vitality in cells, the use of other B nutrients, and hormone creation by the adrenal organs. The sources of B2 are whole grains, liver, milk, eggs, and brewer's yeast. The deficiency symptoms are soreness of tongue and mouth, eye disorders such as amblyopia and photophobia.
3. What do you know about niacin?
Niacin is otherwise called nutrient B3 (Nicotinic corrosive), It is required by compounds associated with the digestion of sugars and fats, the working of the apprehensive and stomach related frameworks, creation of sex hormones, and in the upkeep of sound skin. The sources are dried beans, liver, meat, fish, and nuts. The deficiency symptoms are dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia.
4. Write a short note on pantothenic acid.
Pantothenic acid is essential for the enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, production of corticosteroids and sex hormones, utilization of other vitamins, functioning of the adrenal glands, and for the growth and development of the organism. The different sources are vegetables, cereals, and animal foods. The deficiency symptoms are fatigue, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, numbness and tingling, muscle cramps, and susceptibility to respiratory infections, and peptic ulcer.
5. What is the chemical name of vit? B6? Write about B6.
Pyridoxine is also known as vitamin B6. It is needed by enzymes and hormones involved in the utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, manufacture of red blood cells and antibodies, the functioning of the digestive and nervous systems, and maintenance of healthy skin. The various sources are whole grains, bananas, potatoes, dried beans, liver, chicken, pork, and fish. Pyridoxine is synthesized by the intestinal bacteria. The deficiency symptoms are weakness, irritability, depression, skin disorders, inflammation of the mouth and tongue, anaemia, and seizures.
6. Write briefly on biotin.
Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It is essential for enzymes involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and carbohydrates and for the excretion of the waste products of protein breakdown. Different sources are egg yolk, liver, peanuts, dried beans, mushrooms, bananas, grapefruit, and watermelon. Biotin is synthesized by the intestinal bacteria. The deficiency symptoms are weakness, tiredness, poor appetite, hair loss, depression, inflammation of the tongue, enteritis and eczema.
7. Write the importance, sources and deficiency symptoms of folic acid.
Folic acid is necessary for enzymes involved in the manufacture of nucleic acids and consequently for growth and reproduction, production of red blood cells, and functioning of the nervous system. The sources are green vegetables, mushrooms, liver, nuts, dried beans, peas, egg yolk, and bread. The deficiency symptoms are anaemia, sores of the mouth, and in children poor growth. Severe deficiency of folic acid occurs during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
8. What do you know about Vit? B12.
Cyanocobalamin is also known as Vitamin B12. The functions are the production of the genetic material, production of red blood cells in bone marrow, utilization of carbohydrates within the diet, and for the nervous system. The different sources are liver, kidney, chicken, pork, fish, eggs, and dairy products. The deficiency symptoms are megaloblastic anaemia, sore mouth and tongue, numbness and tingling of the limbs, depression and amnesia.
9. Write about vit. C?
Vitamin C is also known as Ascorbic acid. It is useful for growth and maintenance of bones, teeth, gums, ligaments, and blood vessels; production of neurotransmitters and adrenal hormones; immunity against infections, wound healing and absorption of iron. The sources are citrus fruits and vegetables. The deficiency symptoms are weakness, pains, swollen gums, and nose-bleeding. Severe deficiency of vitamin C leads to scurvy and anaemia.
