Seepika L.

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration involve chemical reactions which take place in the cell to produce energy, which is needed for active processes.

Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy. The chemical equation is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water). 

Anaerobic respiration also produces energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen. This is useful in tissues which have a high energy demand such as in working muscles, in which there is not enough oxygen to produce all the energy needed by using aerobic respiration alone. Anaerobic respiration takes place in the cell cytoplasm and produces lactic acid. The chemical equation is C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 (Glucose -> Lactic acid). The lactic acid then needs to be oxidised later to carbon dioxide and water afterwards to prevent it building up. This process requires oxygen and therefore following anaerobic respiration there is oxygen debt in the cell, as oxygen is needed to break down the lactic acid produced. 

The complex transport system involved in the transportation of materials inside the plant include vascular tissues.Vascular tissues comprise of xylem and phloem. 

Xylem: This tissue helps in the transport of water and dissolved substances throughout the plant. The different components of the xylem include tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Tracheids and xylem fibres are made up of lignin, which provides mechanical support to the plant.

Phloem: This tissue helps in the transport of food throughout the plant. The different elements of phloem include sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.

Lymph is a circulatory fluid. It flows in lymph vessels.

1. Lymph (is also called tissue fluid) is colourless.
2. It consists of lymphocytes which kill germs and protect the human body from infections.
3. Lymph carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine.
4. It drains excess fluid from extra cellular Space back into the blood.
5. Its flow is unidirectional i.e., from tissues -> lymph capillaries -» vein -» heart.